Analysis of The Novel Dubliners by James Joyce Essay

In response to his publishers suggested revisions to Dubliners, James Joyce elevated his rhetoric to the nearly Evangelical [and wrote]: I seriously believe that you will retard the course of civilization in Ireland by preventing the Irish people from having one good look in my nicely polished looking-glass1. A pivotal part of this looking-glass is Joyces representation of Dublin, which functions akin to an external unconsciousness in that a series of unrelated characters experience similar problems by virtue of their common connection to the city. Furthermore, the characters absorb the city into their identities, creating a symbiotic relationship with it. This renders escape - or emigration - a bifurcation of ones identity, and†¦show more content†¦Aside from an obvious fear of harm, the narrator is discomforted because the experience estranges him from the familiar, and in his trepidation he seeks Mahony, who, like dear, dirty Dublin(p.52), he once considered abandoning: I had always despised him a little(p.15). The narrators timorous reaction to what resides beyond Dublin is a common motif in Dubliners. In his exchange with the josser (whose namesake evokes tosser: slang for masturbation), he tests a new identity removed from the city, assuming a pseudonym and conversing with a stranger in a field outside the city(p.14). But the test frightens him, and he calls for the familiar Mahony despite his disdain for him. Although, many of the characters fantasies flirt with departing Dublin, they all balk at their imagined departures in reality. 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The Social Contract Of Nursing - 1255 Words

The social contract of nursing encompasses the responsibilities of the nursing profession and other health care professionals entrusted by society. Through this contract, nurses are expected to function and have the responsibility to provide all members of society who need medical care regardless of their cultural, social, spiritual and economic status with honest and respectful service keeping in mind the public’s trust. Furthermore, it is expected that medical professionals and nurses provide individuals, families and the community the best possible care. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to examine the social covenant of nursing in relation to the controversial and ethical issues behind the use of Henrietta Lacks’ cells (HeLa) in†¦show more content†¦Henrietta only knew about this outcome at the end of radium treatment when she asked if she â€Å"could bear another child† (Skloot, 2010, p.47). 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Lucy Gault Free Essays

In the novel, The Story of Lucy Gault, chance plays a tremendous role. There are numerous examples of this. From the very beginning, the fact that Lucy goes for a swim, and then gets hurt on her way back through the woods, starts the plot. We will write a custom essay sample on Lucy Gault or any similar topic only for you Order Now With her not returning home, and the chance happening that her clothes were not all washed out to see, her parents left the country with out her, a critical point, never to see her again. If they had not found any of her clothes, or her sandal, they may have continued to look for her in the countryside. At this same time, the fact that Henry happened upon her under the black coat at Patty Lindon’s old place was another chance happening. And what if Henry had not needed the stones to repair the O’Reilly’s sheep fence, the reason he went to Liindon’s. Lucy survived and the story continues. And what about the first visit by Ralph – he got lost, came up a strange road that to him did not look like an avenue, did not expect to find a house, and it happened to be Lahardane, and by chance, once again Lucy was home and came out of the house. These suggest the hand of fate during not only Lucy’s life, but that of her parents and Ralph as well. The tragic consequences of Lucy’s mother and father finding her clothes along the shore prove to them that she had drowned, lost at sea while swimming alone. Convinced of this, they stop looking for Lucy and decide to continue with their plans to leave Ireland without her. They never look back. They move to England, and then continue to move from place to place, never contacting anyone at Lahardane with their updated location. Thus no one was able to let them know that their daughter had survived and was growing up without them. And likewise, they not seeing her mature. When Lucy first disappeared, Bridget confirmed that she had seen Lucy come home in prior nights with damp hair, proof that she had been swimming alone. They could not get past this fact of dishonesty. They had called her name in the woods to no avail. They blamed themselves, and seeing her clothes, and just one sandal, meant that she had drowned. As nothing was seen by the fisherman, it could only remain the sharks. There was no other answer. Misinterpretation plays a major role in this novel, and in everyone’s lives. Communication of all forms is vital. How to cite Lucy Gault, Papers

Professor Notes about Program Planning And Evaluation In Public Health

Question: Discuss about the Program Planning and Evaluation in Public Health. Answer: Introduction Sexual health is the state of social, mental and physical well-being with regards to sexuality. It requires a respectful and positive approach to sexual relationships and sexuality including the possibility of having safe and pleasurable sexual experiences, violence, discrimination and free of coercion (World Health Organization 2016). There are several factors that can affect the sexual health and it includes sexually transmitted diseases, concerns about infertility, fear of unplanned pregnancy, medicines affecting sexual performance or desire and chronic diseases like heart diseases and cancer (Sti.health.gov.au 2016). Deakin University is an Australian university in Victoria with campuses and learning centers throughout Victoria. About 8,400 students in the University are international students that make up about 16.3% of the total student population (Deakin.edu.au 2016). The university provides relationships and sexual health support to its international students to avoid unplann ed pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections in the form of different counseling services. The commonly identified sexually transmitted infection among the international students in Deakin University (DU) is Chlamydia. Therefore, to improve the sexual health of the international students and meeting their sexual needs, a voluntary project has been adopted by the international students of the University. The project has been named Healthy Deakin (HD) and the funding requested for the project is $200,000 over a period of three years. The general strategies proposed for the project for meeting the sexual health needs of the international students has been listed below. Programs for driving strategic coordination and the commitment for sustaining better reproductive and sexual health outcomes for the international students. Promoting the recognition of the right to reproductive and sexual health for implying that the students are able to enjoy a mutually safer and satisfying relationship. Undertaking a comprehensive approach for early intervention, reproductive and sexual health prevention and disease prevention. Focusing on reducing the inequalities in the reproductive and sexual health outcomes for improving access to the relevant services and information for the risk of the vulnerable groups of the international students. Recognition of the needs and acknowledgment of the diversity of all the international students regardless of their sexual orientation, ethnicity, financial means and geographic location. Development of accountable and evidence-based programs and policies which are underpinned by extensive research, monitoring, ongoing evaluation and systematic data collection. Problem Statement DU has been ranked the 9th largest university in Australia with its total student count of 42,000. Out of this, approximately one-fifth of the population is international students who belong from over 100 countries. 28% of the international students are of the age 25 or older and can be identified as mature (Deakin.edu.au 2016). The common problems of the international students in DU are sexually transmitted infections (mostly Chlamydia), high rates of termination and unplanned pregnancies. It is a high priority problem that has been identified not only by the university but also by the researchers. Little resources and research data are available that explains the causes and provides recommendations for the prevention of the problems (Baum et al. 2014). Therefore, there is an urgent need for support programs and enhanced promotion of sexual health for meeting the sexual health needs of the international students studying in DU. The project HD has been designed and developed for fill ing the knowledge gap for the development of the preventive interventions and support services to the international students of DU. The project will understand and analyze the sexual health needs of the international students and provide them with the appropriate recommendations for promoting their sexual health. Background Study According to a study conducted by Inoue et al. (2016), the Japanese female students choose the withdrawal methods and condom as the practices of sexual health and contraception. Since this is the standard practice in Japan, they tend to follow the similar trend in Australia while they are the students. Any carelessness and lack of knowledge result in acquiring sexually transmitted infections, especially with the withdrawal method. Mitchell et al. (2014) carried out a study to find that surveys are done to test the knowledge of the students on HIV and other infections that are transmitted sexually like human papillomavirus and hepatitis. A knowledge gap has been identified from the study which suggested the need for appropriate intervention to prevent sexually transmitted infections and unwanted pregnancy among the students of Australia. Clark et al. (2016) opined that the students had delayed the sexual activity but with inconsistent use of contraceptives and condoms. This inconsiste ncy has led to the rise of the unwanted pregnancy and infections among the students that needs appropriate intervention. Lechner et al. (2013) opined that the university students should be provided with referrals and resources for their sexual health needs by the universities as it can result in improved sexual health outcomes of the students. Local Needs Assessment Data The international student group in DU is comprised mostly of the Chinese students of about 46% with a relatively lesser ratio of students from other countries like India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia and Hong Kong (Deakin.edu.au 2016). Therefore, it was evident from the reports obtained from the Deakin Medical Centers and Overseas Health Cover for the international students, the Chinese students suffered the most from unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections. Being away from their country of origin gives them a sense of freedom that results in careless sex life for these students and invites the health hazards of communicable sexual diseases and termination of pregnancy (Lillyman and Bennett 2014). According to a survey carried out with the 20 international students, it was found that the Japanese students followed the withdrawal method while the Indian students abstained from sexual intercourse for 9 consecutive days after the occurrence of menstruation. These are the traditi onal methods of prevention of pregnancy that these students follow and as these methods are vulnerable to the breach of protection, unwanted pregnancy occurs and the students get affected by sexually transmitted infections (Hall 2016). Project Summary The HD project aims to provide guide and support for all the sexual health promotion, provision and prevention and ensure that equitable provision of higher quality of clinically effective care for all the international students in DU. The project goal is to deepen the sexually transmitted infection knowledge, reduce the sexual risks, improve the correct use of condoms and setting long-term goals for utilizing the skills and knowledge learned during the project from the education, support, information and counseling services. To provide sufficient knowledge to the international students regarding the consequences of risk-associated sexual behavior among the international students. To evaluate and develop novel methods of health promotion for measuring the outcomes of the project implementation utilizing the media like social networking websites and cellular phones. To carry out several awareness campaigns by the project volunteers in association with the university medical centers and local health bodies. To make the university campus free of sexually transmitted infection and unwanted pregnancy among the international students by making use of the available resources. To achieve the goal of the project within the project duration of three years and meet the sexual health needs of the international students in DU. Project Description Several strategies will be adopted for implementing the project. The strategies have been explained below. Educational intervention: Comprehensive sexual education helps to emphasize the benefits of abstinence apart from teaching about the methods of disease prevention and contraception. This has been found to be effective in reducing the rates of sexually transmitted infection and unwanted pregnancy (Arnett 2014). Therefore, policies have to be developed to incorporate compulsory sexual education for all the students in the university to attain their sexual health needs. Apart from this, culturally compatible educational sessions can be carried out with the international students to make them aware that traditional methods of contraception are risk prone and can invite health hazards (Hald and Mulya 2013). Sessions will be conducted every fortnight by the international peers with periodic evaluation of the knowledge gained. Development of awareness: The beliefs, attitudes, values, knowledge levels and patterns of communication regarding contraception, relationships, sexuality and sexual health varies significantly across the ethnic groups and cultures. Free distribution of STD (Sexually Transmitted Diseases) prevention and birth control devices like condoms, diaphragm, cervical cap, oral contraceptives and intrauterine devices can significantly bring down the prevalence rate of sexually transmitted infections and can help to avoid unwanted pregnancy. Often, fear of judgment and lack of money prevents the students from buying the contraceptive devices (Oppong and Oti-Boadi 2013). Free distribution can make them confident in condom carrying, acquisition and use that will result in reducing the diseases. A proportional share of the budget has to be allotted for the distribution of the sexual health commodities and it has to be done every weekend throughout the project when the students tend to relax. Student support networks: Student support networks can be beneficial for the students in the information they perceive and consequently the decision they make considering their sexual health. Friends and classmates can be helpful in influencing the behavior and attitudes of the students by providing them with the ongoing prevention and health messages (Coleman et al. 2013). Interaction of the international students with each other and with the peers during the educational sessions will have their unique cross-cultural contributions for shaping the knowledge base, self-efficacy and attitudes of the students regarding their sexual health needs (Wang et al. 2015). Improved access to testing: University students are at high prone to develop the sexually transmitted infections which are often left undiagnosed and untreated. Since testing of the disease is a new experience for the students, they can prove to be intimidating due to the perceived stigma and risk (Fonner et al. 2014). The project will arrange for facilitating testing opportunities in the university where the international students will have to participate in a compulsory sexual health check up every month. Routine screening process and offering the testing as a part of the regular health checkups will decrease the stigma and increase the awareness of the act of testing among the international students (Protogerou et al. 2013). Beatties model can be effective for examining the assumptions for delivering health promotion. Beatties model makes use of the criteria of the focus of intervention (individual collective) and mode of intervention (authoritative-negotiated) (Drcath.net 2016). In the project HD, the radical humanist approach was used for forming self help groups to help the international students with their sexual health needs. The humanist approach was used for conducting awareness campaigns and providing peer education to the students in the form of debates, role plays and dramas. Health persuasion approach was used for modifying their behavior and life skills and personal counseling was used for focusing on the personal development. Figure 1: Beatties Model of Health Promotion Source: Eldredge et al. (2016) Target Population The campuses of DU are located in the Warrnambool, Geelong and Burwood in Melbourne and the learning centers of DU are located in Werribee, Craigieburn and Dandenong in Australia. Considering both the campus and learning center, approximately 8,400 international students are the target population of the project (Deakin.edu.au 2016). The students have to be divided in the both these places to facilitate their learning process from the peer education and the students who are on cloud learning have to be communicated through cellular phones or social networks. The on-campus students will be segregated according to their freshness in the campus, like the beginners will be provided the training first followed by the intermediates and the experts. However, contraceptive devices distribution has to be carried out for all the international students who are either on on-campus or off-campus learning modes. For the cloud learners, the sessions and evaluations can be done online by conducting w ebinars. Project Partners The project HD will be partnered primarily with the DU medical center at its Burwood and Geelong campus for promoting the health outcomes of the international students. The university students will be provided with the free health checkups and counseling through the DU medical centers and will be treated for free in case of any infection or pregnancy detected. Termination of pregnancy will also be provided by the medical center. The project will be partnered with Island Sexual Health Society as they have a chain of comprehensive and pro-choice sexual health clinics in Victoria. This will be of help for the off-campus and cloud students to avail the checkup, counseling and treatment near to their residence without attending the university. The project was also partnered with DU Student Association (DUSA) and for collaborating with the arrangement of activities and events, even for the cloud students, to promote the project and bringing the students together. Similar Activities Previously, an attempt was undertaken by the University authority to educate the students regarding safe sex habits. For this, the university partnered with the Department of Education and Training, State Government of Victoria for providing free sex education to the international students to bring down the rate of sexually transmitted infections and unwanted pregnancies. However, the students complained that the education provided was of school level and was not of the university level students. In addition, the cultural competence factor was not considered while giving out the sessions and many of the international students were not comfortable with it. Therefore, the education was of no good use for the students and a gap was identified between the education and the outcome. Project HD was designed to overcome this barrier and recruited professional peers and physicians who are not only competent but also multicultural to provide appropriate cultural education to the international students for meeting their sexual health needs. The project also aims at providing free educational material for future references and contraceptive devices to convert the goal of the project into a reality within the specified duration of the project. Success Measurement The success of the process will be measured by collecting data from the number of education sessions conducted by the peers and the types of policies developed for making sexual education compulsory. The number of STD prevention and birth control devices freely distributed can also give an estimation of the success of the process. The cost incurred to promote the project through various means on and off the campus and the satisfaction rate of the target population at the intermediate stages are the parameters of process measure. Data will be collected half yearly for process measure. Impact Measure The impact of the project can be measured by conducting surveys at the beginning, intermediate and finished stages of the project to retrieve comparative values regarding the behaviors, attitudes and knowledge of the international students regarding their sexual health. Data from the DU medical center and Overseas Health Cover will determine whether there has been any improvement in the rate of STDs and unwanted pregnancies. Data will be collected annually for impact measure. Project Sustainability The project HD is a sexual health project with a vision to meet the sexual health needs of the international students in the university. Therefore, even after the funds get exhausted, the peer educational sessions will continue for free according to the developed policies for the next five years. Thereafter, it will be given for free for the initial two years to the new comers of the University. The same procedure will be followed for the cloud students through webinars. Free distribution of the STD prevention and birth control devices will continue from the DU medical center for the next one year after the completion of the project as part of the university grant and thereafter, it will be distributed for free only to the newcomers for the first one year according to the grant. Direct Costs Category 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year Total Peers Charges 30,000 30,000 30,000 90,000 Clinical Charges 10,000 10,000 10,000 30,000 STD prevention and birth control devices 4,000 3,000 3,000 10,000 Total 130,000 Indirect Costs Category 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year Total Publicity Charges 10,000 10,000 10,000 30,000 Cloud Maintenance 4,000 3,000 3,000 10,000 Miscellaneous Charges 10,000 10,000 10,000 30,000 Total 70,000 Reflection From the planning model implemented in this project, I have learned that the educational intervention by the peers had the greatest strength. I firmly believe that comprehensive sexual education will help the international students to know more about their sexual health needs and will eventually help them to lead a healthier life. This is what I would like to implement on my professional life in future. Appropriate education will help me understand the best practices about care delivery and will help to develop as a professional with up-to-date knowledge. Lack of sufficient knowledge and poor education might lead to mistakes and subsequently, will cost the health of the patients (Potter et al. 2016). This writing experience gave me an extensive knowledge about the sexual health needs of the international students in an Australian university. Since the international students belonged from diverse cultures, this writing experience will help me to deliver appropriate care to the cultura lly diverse patients in future. Since the scenario of the Australian healthcare sector is changing rapidly to incorporate the multicultural practices, therefore this writing will help me in future to gain adequate knowledge regarding the sexual health needs of the multicultural patients and the associated care delivery requirement strategies. References Arnett, J.J., 2014.Adolescence and emerging adulthood. Pearson Education Limited. Baum, F., Freeman, T., Jolley, G., Lawless, A., Bentley, M., Vrtt, K., Boffa, J., Labonte, R. and Sanders, D., 2014. Health promotion in Australian multi-disciplinary primary health care services: case studies from South Australia and the Northern Territory.Health Promotion International,29(4), pp.705-719. Clark, T.C., Lucassen, M.F., Fleming, T., Peiris John, R., Ikihele, A., Teevale, T., Robinson, E. and Crengle, S., 2016. Changes in the sexual health behaviours of New Zealand secondary school students, 20012012: findings from a national survey series.Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health,40(4), pp.329-336. Coleman, E., Elders, J., Satcher, D., Shindel, A., Parish, S., Kenagy, G., Bayer, C.R., Knudson, G., Kingsberg, S., Clayton, A. and Lunn, M.R., 2013. Summit on medical school education in sexual health: report of an expert consultation.The journal of sexual medicine,10(4), pp.924-938. Deakin.edu.au. (2016).International students | Deakin. [online] Available at: https://www.deakin.edu.au/international-students [Accessed 10 Sep. 2016]. Drcath.net. (2016).Health Promotion. [online] Available at: https://www.drcath.net/horizons/promotion.html [Accessed 10 Sep. 2016]. Eldredge, L.K.B., Markham, C.M., Kok, G., Ruiter, R.A. and Parcel, G.S., 2016.Planning health promotion programs: an intervention mapping approach. John Wiley Sons. Fonner, V.A., Armstrong, K.S., Kennedy, C.E., O'Reilly, K.R. and Sweat, M.D., 2014. School based sex education and HIV prevention in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one,9(3), p.e89692. Hald, G.M. and Mulya, T.W., 2013. Pornography consumption and non-marital sexual behaviour in a sample of young Indonesian university students.Culture, health sexuality,15(8), pp.981-996. Hall, K.S., 2016. Multicultural Sensitivity in the Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction. InManagement of Sexual Dysfunction in Men and Women(pp. 25-29). Springer New York. Inoue, K., Kelly, M., Bateson, D., Rutherford, A., Stewart, M. and Richters, J., 2016. Contraceptive choices and sexual health of Japanese women living in Australia: A brief report from a qualitative study.Australian Family Physician,45(7), p.523. Lechner, K.E., Garcia, C.M., Frerich, E.A., Lust, K. and Eisenberg, M.E., 2013. College students sexual health: Personal responsibility or the responsibility of the college?.Journal of American College Health,61(1), pp.28-35. Lillyman, S. and Bennett, C., 2014. Providing a positive learning experience for international students studying at UK universities: A literature review.Journal of Research in International Education,13(1), pp.63-75. Mitchell, A., Patrick, K., Heywood, W., Blackman, P. and Pitts, M., 2014. National survey of Australian secondary students and sexual health 2013.Melbourne: Australian Research Centre in Sex Health and Society La Trobe University. Oppong, A.K. and Oti-Boadi, M., 2013. HIV/AIDS knowledge among undergraduate university students: implications for health education programs in Ghana.African health sciences,13(2), pp.270-277. Potter, P.A., Perry, A.G., Stockert, P. and Hall, A., 2016.Fundamentals of nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences. Protogerou, C., Flisher, A.J., Wild, L.G. and Aar, L.E., 2013. Predictors of condom use in South African university students: a prospective application of the theory of planned behavior.Journal of Applied Social Psychology,43(S1), pp.E23-E36. Sti.health.gov.au. (2016).STI | STI - Sexually Transmissible Infections. [online] Available at: https://www.sti.health.gov.au/internet/sti/publishing.nsf [Accessed 10 Sep. 2016]. Wang, H., Long, L., Cai, H., Wu, Y., Xu, J., Shu, C., Wang, P., Li, B., Wei, Q., Shang, X. and Wang, X., 2015. Contraception and Unintended Pregnancy among Unmarried Female University Students: A Cross-sectional Study from China.PloS one,10(6), p.e0130212. World Health Organization. (2016).Sexual health. [online] Available at: https://www.who.int/topics/sexual_health/en/ [Accessed 10 Sep. 2016].

Euthanasia To Help Or Hinder Essays - Medical Ethics, Euthanasia

Euthanasia: To Help Or Hinder? Personally, I disagree with euthanasia. I don't think God intended for man to decide when, where, and how to take anyone's life. Sometimes we as humans feel we are helping others and in actuality end up hurting more than anything. A prime example is Dr. Kevorkian. Kevorkian assisted approximatley thirty people with euthanasia. He and his patients thought they were helping to end a life of pain and misery. In reality, they left behind more pain and misery than peace. I think it was morally wrong to let Kevorkian kill all those people because had he been a minority, with society being the way it is today, he would have been arrested after the first few acts of euthanasia. But because Kevorkian is viewed as a powerful white male he was allowed to get awat with numerous euthanasia killings. I thought this to be very inhumane seeing that after he assisted the people in dying, he dropped their bodies off at different hospitals. To me, this is like someone dropping garbage off at a waste site. That does't seem very caring or humane to me. It looks like you're just out for the financial rewards to be obtained as a result of a service. Another point that makes me curious about Kevorkian and doctors like him is that the American Medical Association does not honor or acknowledge them. Personally, I wouldn't want anyone like this assisting me with any medical matter. There were several patients who did not give Kevorkian permission to perform euthanasia, but he did anyway. These people's rights were violated. If they were like a lot of terminally ill people, they aren't able to consent to anything. If these people are in this condition, how can you help them? You can't even determine if they want your help or not. It is not up to another human to determine the fate of someone else. Because of this god-like pratice, we need laws passed against euthanasia before it is uncontrollable. If it is not put under control, eventually, hospitals and everyone else will perform euthanasia without asking permission from anyone. Who knows, someone who is not very knowledgeable may order this mercy killing when it is not needed; If this becomes a habit there, will be a lot of people dying needlessly. There are a lot of people like Dr. Kevorkian who have good intentions, but who carry them out through the wrong actions. These people will be held accountable for their actions in the end, if not in a court of law, then by God. Current Events

Announcing the Worlds Ultimate Book Title Generator Reedsy

Announcing the Worlds Ultimate Book Title Generator Reedsy Announcing the World's Ultimate Book Title Generator Titling a book is a bit similar to picking a Fantasy Football team: you're never sure which one’s the perfect fit and you end up trashing sixty combinations in the end, anyway. But the good news is that you’re not alone if you’re stressed about your book title. Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice started out as First Impressions. Ernest Hemingway spent months discarding titles before deciding on A Sun Also Rises. Then there was George Orwell, who once planned to title the now-iconic 1984 as The Last Man in Europe. We’re familiar with the struggle, which is why we’re pleased to announce our book title generator: a resource for anyone who’s in need of some title inspiration. It’s got something for everyone, whether you’re dabbling in fantasy, mystery, romance, science fiction, and thriller. Best of all, it stores 10,000+ titles, so you’ll never run out of potential titles again!service@reedsy.com!Any questions about ti tling your book? Leave them in the comments below.

Legal and Ethical Considerations in Marketing, Product Safety, and Research Paper - 2

Legal and Ethical Considerations in Marketing, Product Safety, and Intellectual Property - Research Paper Example In fact, it is used as a reference point by both the proponents and opponents of ethical considerations in business. The case points out how intellectual property rights can be used both to the defense of the company as well as against it. However, the success of the company was crippled by the way PharmaCARE responded to ethical and legal issues that it was faced with. Being a medical giant, it thrived on research and made a breakthrough of a diabetes drug, AD23, which slowed down the terrible infringement of Alzheimer’s (Heinrich, 2003). In the face of high demand for the product, PharmaCARE set up a sister company called CompCARE and made it the compounding pharmacy to manufacture the drug (Heinrich, 2003). Soon, it became a mass hysteria to acquire this drug thus pushing CompCARE into methods outside the scope of what a compounding pharmacy is authorized to do. According to Halbert & Ingulli (2012) the end result was the death of over 200 people from cardiac arrests associated with the drug. The results were catastrophic to all the stakeholders of the company including the workers and patients. For instance, John who was a former researcher lost his wife because of using the drug. The downfall of PharmaCARE was brought about by the unethical business practices it engaged in. In the case of PharmaCARE, ethical considerations were evidently compromised by the firm and its management. The first ethical issue is when the company wrongfully capitalized on Colberians availability to be hired at the lowest wage rate thus exploiting their labor for a meager amount of compensation. Moreover the willingness of the locals to share vital information regarding indigenous cures was also exploited and the benefits did not trickle down to the indigenous people. In so doing, the firm violated legal and moral boundaries of a civilized and ethical society (Veatch & Haddad, 2008). The actions of the firm were also an evident

Evaluation of the patnership council in nottingham Essay

Evaluation of the patnership council in nottingham - Essay Example The energy squad is on the progress of the Eco house that has been built with expensive technology funded by "partnership council" is demonstrating and teaching cost-effective, environmental DIY (do-it-yourself) (Joaana, 2014; pg. 23). The council offers training on how to save on water metered bills and energy with the aim of reducing household costs and fuel bills in a collective environmental change towards the British Government’s plan of reducing fuel misuse and carbon emission by 80% by 2050. Additionally, using permaculture techniques, the council has enabled people to grow food in small-recycled containers. The use of the containers help in averting environmental degradation, and the food has significantly improved food security in the GN 7 area. Green grants offered by volunteers have ominously assisted inhabitants of GN 7 to increase their food productivity while contributing to the greater objective of conserving the environment especially the depleted neighborhoods. The council also exists to identify and recognize exclusive programs of brilliance and inspire the replication of model programs that help in fuel saving and/or increase in food production throughout the NG 7 region (Joaana, 2014; pg. 34). It has magnificently used its meager funds, mostly from donations, to support such programs and ensure that the society outstandingly reap from the healthy projects. It has fostered creativity in services that support a ‘livable community.’ Moreover, the council has also participated actively in identifying the shifting needs and preferences of the population. It maintains a good relationship with the residents to identify their worries and hopes and turn the hopes and/or anticipations into veracities. Through initiation of several programs that increase food productivity, the council has made significant changes

What is the relationship between happiness and meaning Why Essay - 1

What is the relationship between happiness and meaning Why - Essay Example life, this study will discuss about the Meaning of life, how logotherapy could enable an individual to recognize the meaning of life, happiness, and the relationship between the Meaning of life and happiness. The meaning of life is found in every second of our breath. Life simply goes on without ceasing the meaning of life even in times of depression or death. According to Frankl, â€Å"The meaning of our existence is not invented by us; but rather detected.† (Frankl, 1963; p. 157) Meaning in Viktor Frankl’s ‘Man’s Search for Meaning’ refers to the reasons that gives us a sense of purpose in our life. The collection of Meaning could be one’s health, approval and acceptance among our friends, having luxurious things and material wealth, a good love life and family relations, comfort, happiness, or anything that drives us to live. (Dodson, 2007) On the other hand, when a person lacks all the necessary things that I had mentioned earlier, people generally suffers due to lack of material comfort. According to Frankl, people that survive under the circumstances of great sufferings have a Meaning, Purpose, and Hope to make them hold on with life. Some people find ‘hope’ by establishing their spiritual relationship with Godi. Experiencing a value can be in a form of love. When we experience loving a significant other or loving friends and family members, we tend to overcome the negative aspects such as problems or depression in our lives. Suffering, according to Frankl is about attitudinal values. The author stated that when a person lives his life with a meaning, that person could always endure life with dignity. (Frankl, 1963; p. 117) It is possible to find the meaning through suffering; by loving and helping other people find the meaning of life could work wonderfully in the life of A person’s will to Meaning or his/her determination to strive in determining the real meaning of life is also a major factor that makes a person able to succeed in the

A leader must have followers

A leader must have followers It is a relationship through which one person influences the behavior or actions of other people. A leader must have followers. Leaders create a vision and then communicate the vision to his followers. Leader energies, inspire and motivate others to translate the vision into achievement. A good leader must have qualities, personality, characteristics or traits. Leadership traits include personal magnetism or charisma (gift from GOD), interpersonal skills, analytical thinking, imagination, decisiveness, trustworthiness, persuasiveness, self motivation, flexibility and vision. There are some styles of leadership: Autocratic: The manager makes all the decisions and issues instructions which must be obeyed without question. Advantages: Quick decisions can be made when speed is required It is most efficient type of leadership for highly programmed, routine work Disadvantages: Communication between the manager and subordinate will be one way. There may be lack of helpful feedback It does not encourage contribution or initiative from subordinates Persuasive: The manger still makes all the decisions, but explains them to subordinates, and attempts to motivate subordinates to carry them out willingly. Advantages: Selling decisions to staff might make them more willing Staff will have a better idea of what to do when unforeseen events arise in their work, because the manager will have explained his intensions. Disadvantages: Subordinates will not necessarily be committed to decisions in which they have not been involved There is no contribution or feedback of subordinates Democratic: Leader and followers make the decision together, on the basis of consensus, or compromise and agreement. Advantages: It can provide high commitment to the decision reached It takes advantage of the knowledge and expertise of individuals in different areas, for high quality, flexible decision making Disadvantages: The authority of the manager might be undermined Decision making might become a very long process Clear cut decisions might be difficult to reach Participative: The manager confers with subordinates and takes their views and feelings into account, but retains the right to make the final decision. Advantages: Employees are involved in decisions. This encourages motivation through greater interest and involvement. Employees can contribute knowledge and experience, to help in solving problems related to their work. Disadvantages: it might take longer to reach decisions subordinates might be limited in their viewpoint on organizational issues if the manager does not take employees advice, they might perceive the process to be meaningless P7: explain the different motivational theories and their application within the workplace Motivation: Motivation is the driving force which causes us to achieve goals. Motivation may be rooted in the basic need to minimize physical pain and maximize pleasure, or it may include specific needs such as eating and resting, or a desired object, goal, state of being, ideal, or it may be attributed to less apparent reasons such as altruism, selfishness, morality, or avoiding mortality. F.W. Taylor: Taylor made the first serious attempt to analyze worker motivation in order to advise management on the best ways to increase worker performance or productivity. The techniques he used of establishing an idea or an hypothesis, studying and recording performance at work, altering working methods and re-recording performance are still used in modern industry. This approach has become known as scientific management due to the detailed recording and analysis of results that it involved. His main aim was to reduce the level of inefficiency that existed in the US manufacturing industry. The scope for efficiency gains in early twentieth century manufacturing plants was huge. The vast mass of workers were untrained and non-specialized. They were poorly led by supervisors and managers with little or no formal training in dealing with people. There was usually no formal selection or appraisal system of staff and many were recruited on a daily or weekly basis with no security of employment. How to improve productivity (Taylors scientific approach): Select workers to perform a task. Observe them performing the task and note the key elements of it. Record the time taken to do each part of the task. Identify the quickest method recorded. Train all workers in this quickest method and do not allow them to make any changes in it. Supervise workers to ensure that this best way is being carried out and to time them to check that the set time is not being exceeded. Pay workers on the basis of results (based on the theory of economic man) The theory of economic man was widely held, and Taylor himself supported this notion. The view was that man was driven or motivated by money alone and the only factor that could stimulate further effort was the chance of earning extra money. He always maintained that workers should be paid a fair days pay for a fair days work and that the amount should be directly linked up to output through a system known as piece rate. This means paying workers a certain amount for each unit produced. To encourage high output a low rate per unit can be set for the first units produced and then higher rates become payable if output targets are exceeded. Elton Mayo: Elton Mayo is best known for his Hawthorne Effect conclusions. These were based on a series of experiments he and his team conducted over a five year period at the Hawthorne factory of Western Electric Co. in Chicago. His work was initially based on the assumption that working conditions (lightning, heating, rest periods and so on) had a scientific effect on workers productivity. Experiments were undertaken to establish the optimum working conditions at all. The results surprised all observers, as lightning and all other conditions were changed, both improved and worsened, so productivity rose in all groups including the control group. This forced Mayo to accept that: Working conditions in themselves were not that important in determining productivity levels Other motivational factors needed to be investigated further before conclusions could be drawn. Subsequent experiments were carried out with a group of assembly line workers. Changes to rest periods, payment systems, assembly bench layout and canteen food were made at twelve week intervals. Crucially, before every major change, the researchers discussed the new changes with the work group. At the end of the experiments the working conditions and work hours were returned to how they had been before the start of the trial. Output rose far above the original level. Maslow hierarchy theory: Maslows hierarchy of needs is a theory in psychology, proposed by Abraham Maslow in 1943. Then in 1954 this theory was fully expressed in his book Motivation and Personality. Maslows hierarchy of needs is often portrayed in the shape of a pyramid, with the largest and most fundamental levels of needs at the bottom, and the need for self-actualization at the top. The most fundamental and basic four layers of the pyramid contain what Maslow called deficiency needs or d-needs: esteem , friendship and love, security, and physical needs. With the exception of the most fundamental (physiological) needs, if these deficiency needs are not met, the body gives no physical indication but the individual feels anxious and tense. Maslows theory suggests that the most basic level of needs must be met before the individual will strongly desire (or focus motivation upon) the secondary or higher level needs. Maslows hierarchy of needs, represented as a pyramid with the more basic needs at the bottom: This hierarchy was interpreted by Maslow as follows: individuals needs start on the lowest level once one level of need has been satisfied, humans will strive to achieve the next level self-actualization or self-fulfillment is not reached by many people but everyone is capable of reaching their potential once a need has been satisfied it will no longer motivate individuals to action, thus when material needs have been satisfied the offer of more money will not increase productivity Herzberg and the Two factor theory: Despite basing his research on just 200 professionally qualified workers, Herzbergs conclusions and famous two factor theory have had the greatest impact on motivational practices since Taylors work almost 60 years earliest. His research was based around questionnaires and interviews with employees with the intension of discovering: those factors that led to them having very good feelings about their jobs and those factors that led to them having very negative feelings about their jobs. His conclusions were that: Job satisfaction resulted from five main factors: achievement, recognition for achievement, the work itself, responsibility and advancement. He called these factors the motivators. He considered the last three to be the most significant. Job dissatisfaction resulted from five different factors: company policy and administration, supervision, salary, relationships with others and working conditions. He termed these hygiene factors. These were the factors that surround the job itself (extrinsic factors) rather than the work itself (intrinsic factors). Herzberg considered that the hygiene factors had to be addressed by management to prevent dissatisfaction, but even if they were in place they would not, by themselves, create a well-motivated workforce. Vrooms theory: Vrooms theory assumes that behavior results from conscious choices among alternatives whose purpose it is to maximize pleasure and minimize pain. The key elements to this theory are referred to as Expectancy, Instrumentality, and Valence. The Expectancy Theory of Victor Vroom deals with motivation and management. Vrooms theory assumes that behavior results from conscious choices among alternatives whose purpose it is to maximize pleasure and minimize pain. Together with Edward Lawler and Lyman Porter, Vroom suggested that the relationship between peoples behavior at work and their goals was not as simple as was first imagined by other scientists. Vroom realized that an employees performance is based on individuals factors such as personality, skills, knowledge, experience and abilities. The expectancy theory says that individuals have different sets of goals and can be motivated if they believe that: There is a positive correlation between efforts and performance, Favorable performance will result in a desirable reward, The reward will satisfy an important need, The desire to satisfy the need is strong enough to make the effort worthwhile. P8: Assess the relationship between motivation theory and the practice of management. Payment or financial reward system: Hourly wage rate: This is the most common way of paying manual, clerical and non-management workers. An hourly time rate is set for the job perhaps by comparing with other firms or similar jobs and the wage level is determined by multiplying this by the number of hours worked. This total is usually paid weekly. Piece rate: A rate is fixed for the production of each unit, and the workers wages therefore depend on the quantity of output produced. The piece rate can be adjusted to reflect the difficulty of the job and the standard time needed to complete it. These issues are determined by work study. The level of the rate can be very important. If set too low it could demotivate the workers but if too high it could reduce the incentives, because workers will be able to meet their target wage level by producing relatively few units. Salary: This is an annual sum that is usually paid on a monthly basis. It is the most common form of payment for professional, supervisory and management staff. The salary level is fixed each year and it is not dependent on the number of hours worked (time rate) or the number of units produced (piece rate). The fixing of the salary level for each job is a very important process because it helps to determine the status of that post in the whole organization. Job evaluation techniques may be used to assist in deciding the salary bands and the differences between them. In most organizations, all jobs will be put into one of a number of salary bands and the precise income earned within each band will depend upon experience and progress. It is always possible to gain promotion to another job in a higher salary band. Firms that are interested in creating a single status within their organization are now increasingly putting all staff manual and managerial on to annual salaries to give the benefi ts of security and status to all employees. Example of salary bands: Job grade Salary band (per year) Regional heads Rs.100000 Rs.200000 Departmental heads Rs.50000 Rs.75000 Office managers Rs.30000 Rs.40000 Secretaries Rs.15000 Rs.25000 Junior clerical staff Rs.5000 Rs.10000

Neo-Nazis Essay -- essays research papers

Today there are many active hate groups in the United States such as the Ku Klux Klan, Neo-Nazi, Skinheads, Christian identity, and the Black Separatists. These hate groups like the Ku Klux Klan, which is one of America’s oldest and more feared, use violence and move above the law to promote their causes. Another example is a group called Christian Identity, who promotes a religion that is mainly racist and anti-Semitic. Another group are the Black Separatist groups, they are organizations whose basically are all based on hatred. We know alot about these groups because of the Intelligence Project these are citizen’s reports, law enforcement agencies, field sources and news reports that make us aware of the racism. Many people know how these groups act and think and most of the American people agree that these hate groups are immoral and should not be allowed to exist neither in the United States nor on the rest of the world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All the hate groups know that they can only flourish if they continue to recruit new members. Three of the most obvious similarities among hate groups members are their sex, male; their race, Caucasian; and their age, 35 years old or younger. Many people think that the reason young people are willing to join hate groups in high school and in college is that they are uncertain about their own futures. People believe that young people who join hate groups are people with the least education and the least hope for the future in...